|
|
Basic characterization of selected samples of animal feeds
Svoboda, Ilona ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to choose poper parameters for a quick and simple characterization of animal feed, to verify working procedures and to apply these on chosen samples. Within the scope of this work, samples of animal dog feed produced in a private company „Adamkovy tlacenky“ were analyzed. The feed is in the form of brawn, stored in artificial casing; it consists of up to 80% of animal components and up to 20% of vegetable components, while the rest of the weight is the pork gelatine. The feed does not contain preservatives, colourings as well as any other chemically produced additives. For the analysis three formulas were chosen: "Hovězinka", "Kuřátko" and "Srdcovka", the composition of which is protected by the patent. The choice was made to include samples of different composition. The content of raw crude protein, fat, fibre, dry basis, and ash was determined. The obtained values were compared with the standards for feed normally utilized by the feed industry. The results will be used to improve the formulas and to develop new types of feed.
|
|
|
The basic chemical parameters of several varieties of cherries
Boberová, Jana ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with determination of basic chemical parameters in sweet cherry (Prunus avium). In the theoretical part, the taxonomic classification of the cherry, its botanical characteristics and the pomology of several cultivars are mentioned. Also, the history of cultivation, appropriate conditions and most common diseases are listed. The last chapter deals with the chemical composition of the fruits. In the experimental part, the determination of selected chemical parameters of various cultivars (Karešova, Napoleonova and Stark Gold) were determined. The content of total solids was determined in the range of 14.53–18.15 %, soluble solids 13.96–16.44 %, ash 0.34–0.44 %, reducing sugars 6.89–10.18 % and nitrogenous substances 0.056–0.116 %. Ascorbic acid content was set at 26.1–44.1 mg/kg. The titratable acidity was determined in the range of 6.15–8.86 g of predominant malic acid in 1 kg of cherry and a formol number was determined from 194 to 297 ml of 0.1 M NaOH per 1 kg of edible fraction. The amount of anthocyanins was determined at 4–686 mg cyanidin-3-rutinoside/kg and total phenolic compounds at 0.91–1.47 g gallic acid/kg. All data are based on fresh fruit weight.
|
|
|
The basic chemical parameters of several varieties of sour cherries
Komárek, Šimon ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with determination of basic chemical parameters in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus). Three different cultivars Köröšská, Pandy 6039 and Šumadinka were examined. The content of total solids varied from 13,32 to 15,22 %, soluble solid content amounted for 12,04–14,60 %, ash 0,4 %, reducing sugars 4,9–6,9 %, nitrogenous substances 0,11–0,12 %, L-ascorbic acid 343–456 mg/kg. Titratable acidity ranged from 15,1 to 21,8 g malic acid equivalent/kg, formol number 268–373 ml of 0,1 NaOH/kg. Total anthocyanins varied from 308 to 1104 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent/kg and total phenolics ranged from 1,05 to 3,99 g gallic acid equivalent/kg. All data are applied to fresh fruit weight.
|
|
|
Monitoring of the wheat quality for food production
Slavíčková, Radka ; Hýsková, Eva (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The aim of this study was to monitor the quality of wheat Triticum aestivum, imported into the laboratory MORAGRO after harvest by eight different suppliers, and to evaluate the main quality parameters decisive for the final use of cereal crops. The introduction of the theoretical part was devoted to understanding commercial and agricultural importance of wheat and description of morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat grain. The core of the theoretical part has been focused on the description and explanation of physical and chemical properties of the wheat grain, which largely affect the final product quality of wheat. External factors affecting final quality and yields of wheat were also commented. The experimental part was based on measurements of main quality parameters of wheat (moisture content, bulk density, falling number, amount of gluten and the wheat proteins, sedimentation value and content of additives and impurities). In most cases, measurements were carried out using automated instruments. The quality of wheat was determined based on the obtained results, which allows deciding, whether it is appropriating for food production.
|
|
|
Basic chemical properties of fruits of selected cherry varieties
Chmil, Vojtěch ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
Diploma thesis is focused on chemical characteristics of nine selected sweet cherry varieties in nine parameters. Total and soluble solids were analyzed with these results 13.07–16.58 % for total and 14.67–19.50 °Brix for soluble solids, ash content 0,31–0,39 %, titratable acidity 5.44–9.91 g of malic acid per 1 kg of fresh cherries and formol number 14.45–23.73 ml of 0.1 M NaOH per 100 g of cherries. Then there were analyzed crude proteins content calculated from total nitrogen content determined by Kjeldahl method with results 0.41–0.68 % of crude proteins. Molecular absorption UV/VIS spectrophotometry was used for determination of total phenolic substances 0.30–0.89 g of gallic acid per 1 kg of cherries and total content of anthocyanins 128–848 mg of cyanidine-3-glucoside in 1 kg of cherries. Saccharides were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ELSD detector. Content of glucose was 45.45–59.49 g/kg and fructose 46.88–60.01 g/kg. All results are compiled using tables and graphs and discussed. Experimental part of the thesis also describes principles and procedures of every analysis, so it can be reproduced. In theoretical part there is described botanical characteristic of cherry tree (Prunus avium L.), active substances contained in its fruits and their use in food industry. At the end of the theoretical part there is described instrumentation of high-performance liquid chromatography.
|
|
|
Porovnání působení dusíkato-fosforečných hnojiv ve výživě pšenice ozimé a řepky ozimé
Večeřa, Radomír
The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess and compare the effect of spring nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization on the yield and qualitative parameters of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. Small-plot experiments took place at Vatín in 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The experimental variants of fertilization for both model crops were 1. Control, 2. NPS immunMax (12-10+11S), 3. GSH NP 15-5+20S, 4. CAN + Amofos (12-52) (3:1) and 5. CAN + Amofos (12-52) (1:1). The parameters used in the assessment of winter wheat were yield, bulk density, nitrogenous substances and wet gluten content, grain sedimentation value. Winter oilseed rape were assessed by observing the yield and the oil content of the seeds. Winter wheat was monitored for the influence of the two terms of application of NP fertilizers during tillering. Winter oilseed rape was monitored for the influence of fertilization with a 100% dose of N and the application of NP fertilizers during side-shoot formation stage and fertilization with a dose of 70% N and the application of NP fertilizers in begin of stem elongation. The weather in individual years of the experiment had a statistically significant effect on the yield and quality parameters of winter wheat. There were no significant differences between the variants of NP fertilization and the terms of spring application. In the case of winter oilseed rape, the effect of the weather in years of the experiment was proven only for the yield. There was no significant difference between the variants of NP fertilization. A significant effect on yield and oil content was proven between terms of application with different doses of N. In the long term, phosphorus fertilizing in the spring make sense due to low phosphorus content in soil or ensure the return of phosphorus taken by harvests, but no yield or quality effect was recorded during the two-year observation.
|
|
|
Vliv různých zdrojů dusíkatých látek na užitkovost a metabolismus dojnic
Lužová, Veronika
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the level of nutrition of dairy cows in a selected agricultural enterprise with a subsequent experiment in the form of the change in the representation of soy, oilseed rape and sunflower in the protein concentrate, which is the part of the ration of dairy cows. The experiment took place in Bohuňovice s.r.o. in 2022, where the feed ration was adjusted to four months in the form of a change in the composition of the protein concentrate (before the change the representation of 60 % soybean and 30,8 % oilseed rape extracted meal and after the change 45,8 % oilseed rape, 30 % soya and 15 % sunflower extracted meal). The experiment was focused on dairy cows in the first stage of lactasion, where milk yield and selected milk components were evaluated every month. Afterwads the effect of changing the feed ration on the productivity of dairy cows and selected milk components was evaluated. Afterwards the economic indicators of the adjusted feed ration were evaluated. During the experiment it was found, that the feed ration corresponded to the nutrient needs of dairy cows in the first stage of lactasion but showed a lack of nitrogenous substances and energy in the summer months. The average daily milk yield decreased slightly inconclusively at the end of the experiment, but the adjusted feed ration had no demonstrable effect on the productivity of dairy cows. Afterwards it was found that the adjusted feed ration has a statistically demonstrable effect on increasing the content of fat, protein, urea and free fatty acids in the milk. The results showed that modified ration had an optimal amount of energy and nitrogen substances and after increasing the proportion of oilseed rape and reducing the proportion of soya and including sunflower extracted meal, the ration had a more balanced content of nitrogen substances, evaluated according to the concentration of urea in the milk and there was an increase in the main of milk components (protein, fat).
|
|
|
Potřeba dusíkatých látek ve výživě koní
Červínová, Monika
The bachelor thesis is focused on nitrogenous substances in horse nutrition. The work is divided into two parts, which intertwine. The first part concerns the digestion of horses, the importance of protein and non-protein nitrogenous substances and their effect on the horse's body. The specific requirements of nitrogenous substances for different categories of horses are also mentioned here. Part of the work is a summary of feeds, which also lists special protein feeds, which include, for example, spirulina, coconut flour or hemp seeds. The work also discusses possible problems with increased or decreased intake of nitrogenous substances. The second part contains my own work, the purpose was to monitor and evaluate the daily intake of nitrogenous substances in older horses who have a calm regime. For evaluation, samples of fed feed were taken and subjected to chemical analysis under the prescribed conditions to determine the nutrients contained. The results from the laboratory were recalculated and compared with the recommended needs. Based on the work, it can be said that horses receive nitrogenous substances above the recommended values.
|
|
|
Využití zeolitů v technológii vín révy vinné
Miklovičová, Kristína
This bachelor thesis has a theoretical-empirical character and its content is focused on the use of zeolites in the production technology of wine. The theoretical part defines the zeolite, its origin, composition and structure as well as the properties, the division of individual zeolites and their possible use in enology. This natural rock, characterized by their high absorption quality, is able to bind molecules to itself due to its porous structure. The empirical part analyses the effects of zeolites in the production technology of wine. Zeolite was applicated in the fermentation process of wine together with the yeasts. The experiment was performed with three variants of individual concentrations of zeolite and subsequently the sensory and chemical properties of wine were monitored. The experiment confirmed the reduction of thermolabile proteins after the application of zeolite, lower production of acetion and also lower concentration of polyphenol oxidase, thus preventing oxidation.
|
|
|
Processing of pumpkin (\kur{Cucurbita pepo} L.) seed cake for flour and protein concentrate
PEŠKOVÁ, Ema
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the chemical and functional properties of pumpkin flour and flour-formed fractions according to the fineness of particles over 250; 250-180; below 180 microns and the production of pumpkin protein concentrate. The flour was made from pumpkin marc (Cucurbita pepo L.). The theoretical part describes the botanical characteristics and describes the functional and chemical properties of pumpkin. The practical part deals with the determination of chemical properties: nitrogen content, dry matter content, residual fat, protein content and what is the most represented protein fraction of pumpkin protein. Water solubility, water and fat binding as well as emulsifying activity were determined from the functional properties. The conclusion presents the final results of this work.
|
guest ::
